help me plzzz em a nursing student task to report about the open and close bandaging plzzz do help mheeeee...
BSN - II Types of wound
Wound, sewed with four stitches A laceration to the legOpen
Open wounds can be classified into a number of different types, according to the object that caused the wound. The types of open wound are:
Incisions - caused by a clean, sharp-edged object such as a knife, a razor or a glass splinter.
Lacerations - rough, irregular wounds caused by crushing or ripping forces.
Abrasions (grazes) - a superficial wound in which the topmost layers of the skin are scraped off, often caused by a sliding fall onto a rough surface.
Puncture wounds - caused by an object puncturing the skin, such as a nail or needle.
Penetration wounds - caused by an object such as a knife entering the body.
Gunshot wounds - caused by a bullet or similar projectile driving into or through the body. There may be two wounds, one at the site of entry and one at the site of exit.
All stab wounds and gunshot wounds should be considered major wounds.
Closed
Closed wounds have fewer categories, but are just as dangerous as open wounds. The types of closed wounds are:
Contusions - (more commonly known as a bruise) - caused by blunt force trauma that damages tissue under the skin
Hematoma - (also called a blood tumor) - caused by damage to a blood vessel that in turn causes blood to collect under the skin
Crushing Injuries - caused by a great or extreme amount of force applied over a long period of time.
First aid
Main article history of wound care.
Severe/Major Open Wound
The priority with major wounds is to prevent further blood loss. Treat the casualty to control the bleeding, prevent shock, and call for help as soon as possible.
Emergency medical services should be called.
Disposable gloves should be used. The casualty's clothing should be removed to expose the wound.
Get the casualty to raise the wound above the level of the heart (if the wound is in a limb) and, if there is no object embedded in the wound, apply direct pressure to the area with their own hand.
Help the casualty to lie down (on a blanket or carpet to protect them from the cold). If shock is suspected, raise the casualty's legs and support them on a chair or similar.
A sterile dressing should be applied (or if none is available, an improvised dressing made from a clean towel or cloth). The dressing should be secured with a bandage that is tight enough to maintain pressure on the wound (but not so tight as to impair circulation beyond the wound).
If blood seeps through the first dressing, a second dressing should be applied on top of the first. If blood seeps through the second dressing, both dressings should be removed and a fresh one applied, with sufficient pressure applied.
The injured part should be supported in a raised position - a leg supported on a chair, or an arm rested across the chest (so that it is above the level of the heart).
If an object is embedded in a wound
If there is an object (for example, broken glass) embedded in the wound, or an open fracture where a broken bone sticks through the skin, pressure should not be applied over the object or the object removed. Treat as follows:
Put on disposable gloves, if available, to protect yourself from infection.
Press firmly on either side of the embedded object to push the edges of the wound together.
If the wound is in a limb, raise and support the limb above the level of the heart.
Help the casualty to lie down (on a blanket or carpet to protect them from the cold). If you suspect that shock may develop, raise the casualty's legs and support them on a chair or similar.
Build up padding on either side of the object (using dressing pads, rolled-up bandages, or similar), so that you are able to bandage over the object without pressing on it.
Summon an ambulance, if you have not sent someone to do so already (alternatively if the wound is minor, the wound is not bleeding heavily, and the casualty is comfortable, arrange to transport the casualty to hospital by another means). Monitor the casualty's condition until help arrives.
Major Closed Wounds (hematoma and crushing injuries)
Ice - put ice on the wound (recommended in instances of 20 minutes on, 20 minutes off) Direct contact of ice with the skin is discouraged, as this may cause ice burns or abrasions. Wrapping the ice in a towel prevents this.
Compress - use a pressure dressing or manual compression to slow or stop bleeding (internal)
Elevate - if the injury is a limb, elevate injured tissue above the heart. This will help to keep the swelling down, which decreases pain.
Splint - If necessary, splint above and below the wound to slow or stop bleeding and to reduce pain.
Always be alert for shock in major closed wound patients. This can result from internal bleeding, so be sure to evaluate them for such.
To heal a wound, the body undertakes a series of actions collectively known as the wound healing process. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page |
