What are the new trends of emergency nursing?

new trends of giving first aid, CPR, rescue breathing

Protocols for cardiopulmonary resuscitation HAS changed.
Relative to Adult CPR, the major changes include-
The position for compressions - it no longer refers to the xiphoid process but instead uses a simpler technique similar to that used in infants; a position on the sternum (breast bone), upon an imaginary line drawn from nipple to nipple (easily determined on a male but less so on a female, for obvious reasons).
The compression to breathing ratio - whether for one rescuer or two rescuers is 30:2.

It is being stressed that if sufficient personnel are available, the compressor person should be relieved after 5 minutes regardless of their stamina to continue. It is believed that, despite the obvious onset of fatigue, technique becomes faulty in this short amount of time. Since manual chest compressions are only believed to be about 25% effective at circulating blood (relative to a functional heart contraction), even proper technique is less than best so there is no room for worse.

If only rescue breaths are necessary, give one breath every 5-6 seconds. If an advanced airway (e.g., endotracheal tube) has been placed, a breath is given every 6-8 seconds.

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